{
 "sym": "Vd",
 "updated": "2026-08-06",
 "verdict": "pgvector, unless scale has already said otherwise \u2014 it lives inside the Postgres you're probably running, costs nothing, and the 2024\u201326 production record is littered with teams that cut $2,000+/mo dedicated-vector-DB bills to ~$200 by moving home to it. Turbopuffer is the graduation path: object-storage-native, ~10x cheaper at scale, and the store behind Cursor, Notion, and Anthropic \u2014 $100M annualized revenue on under $1M raised. Pinecone remains the managed classic when procurement wants a pure-play vendor with every compliance checkbox. Qdrant wins for self-hosted, filter-heavy hybrid search at 100M+ vectors; Chroma when developer experience and agent-native retrieval matter more than raw scale. Hanging over all of them: AWS S3 Vectors went GA in December 2025 at 2B vectors per index, and every incumbent database now ships vector search \u2014 the standalone category is being squeezed into the billion-scale niche.",
 "top5": [
  {
   "rank": 1,
   "name": "pgvector",
   "maker": "open source (Andrew Kane + community)",
   "url": "https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector",
   "docs": "https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector#readme",
   "pricing": "Free, PostgreSQL-licensed \u00b7 runs in any Postgres \u2014 RDS, Supabase (free tier), Neon, Cloud SQL",
   "best_for": "Every startup that already runs Postgres and holds under ~10\u201350M vectors \u2014 which is roughly 95% of them.",
   "why": "One extension turns the database you already operate into your vector store \u2014 same backups, same transactions, joins against your real data, zero new vendor. v0.8.2 (Feb 25, 2026) keeps shipping: iterative index scans, half-precision and sparse vectors, binary quantization. Documented migrations from Pinecone to pgvector at 1/10th the monthly cost are the category's defining production story.",
   "watch": "Vanilla HNSW strains past ~50M vectors \u2014 you'll want pgvectorscale (DiskANN) or a graduation plan. Index build memory and write-heavy churn need real Postgres operational skill; 'free' is not 'zero-ops'.",
   "evidence": [
    {
     "stat": "v0.8.2 released Feb 25, 2026; 22.4k GitHub stars (Aug 2026)",
     "src": "https://www.postgresql.org/about/news/pgvector-082-released-3245"
    },
    {
     "stat": "Production migration reports: 500K daily queries / 8M vectors at ~$200/mo on pgvector vs $2,000+/mo on Pinecone (2025\u201326 roundup)",
     "src": "https://medium.com/data-science-collective/vector-databases-are-dying-heres-the-production-evidence-8c17b54687e2"
    },
    {
     "stat": "With pgvectorscale: 471 QPS at 28ms p95 on 50M embeddings in benchmarks (vendor benchmark, Timescale/Tiger Data)",
     "src": "https://github.com/timescale/pgvectorscale"
    }
   ],
   "tile_note": "the default start"
  },
  {
   "rank": 2,
   "name": "Turbopuffer",
   "maker": "turbopuffer, Inc.",
   "url": "https://turbopuffer.com",
   "docs": "https://turbopuffer.com/docs",
   "pricing": "Usage-based \u00b7 Launch $16/mo min \u00b7 Scale $256/mo min (HIPAA BAA, SSO) \u00b7 Enterprise \u2265$4,096/mo (single-tenant, BYOC)",
   "best_for": "Multi-tenant AI products with millions of per-user namespaces \u2014 the exact shape of agent memory and per-customer document search.",
   "why": "Search built natively on object storage with an NVMe/memory cache: ~10x cheaper economics, sub-10ms p50 hot queries, 1T+ documents and 250M+ namespaces in production. The customer list is the 2026 AI stack itself \u2014 Cursor (its largest, 1T+ code chunks), Notion (10B+ vectors, migrated off Pinecone Oct 2024), Anthropic, Linear, Harvey. Sacra puts it at $100M annualized revenue by March 2026 on under $1M of primary capital raised \u2014 the most efficient company in this table, possibly in any table.",
   "watch": "Cold namespaces pay object-storage latency (hundreds of ms) on first hit. Closed source, no self-host below Enterprise BYOC, and a small team carrying very large customers. Revenue figure is single-source (Sacra).",
   "evidence": [
    {
     "stat": "$100M annualized revenue (Mar 2026), up from $75M at end-2025; <$1M primary capital raised; seed with Thrive Capital Dec 2025",
     "src": "https://sacra.com/c/turbopuffer/"
    },
    {
     "stat": "1T+ documents, 250M+ namespaces, 10M+ writes/sec globally; customers incl. Cursor, Notion, Anthropic, Linear (Aug 2026)",
     "src": "https://turbopuffer.com/"
    },
    {
     "stat": "Entry at $16/mo minimum usage; Enterprise from $4,096/mo (Aug 2026)",
     "src": "https://turbopuffer.com/pricing"
    }
   ],
   "tile_note": "serverless scale, object-storage"
  },
  {
   "rank": 3,
   "name": "Pinecone",
   "maker": "Pinecone Systems",
   "url": "https://www.pinecone.io",
   "docs": "https://docs.pinecone.io",
   "pricing": "Starter free (2GB) \u00b7 Builder $20/mo flat \u00b7 Standard $50/mo min + usage \u00b7 Enterprise $500/mo min",
   "best_for": "Teams that want a zero-ops, pure-play managed vector database with mature enterprise controls and don't want to think about infrastructure at all.",
   "why": "The category's brand name, still: 5,000+ customers, serverless architecture, integrated inference/embedding endpoints, SOC 2/HIPAA, BYOC. The 2025 reset \u2014 founder Edo Liberty stepping to Chief Scientist, three-time founder Ash Ashutosh taking CEO in September 2025, and a new $20/mo Builder tier \u2014 is a deliberate push down-market and toward 'knowledgeable AI' platform positioning.",
   "watch": "The cautionary tale of the category: flagship logos (Notion) left over cost, mid-2025 press cycles covered sale-exploration chatter (the new CEO says acquisition is 'definitely not on the table'), and it has raised nothing since 2023's $100M at $750M. At startup scale you are paying a premium for convenience pgvector gives you free.",
   "evidence": [
    {
     "stat": "5,000+ customers; $138M total raised (company announcement, Sep 8, 2025)",
     "src": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/pinecone-founder-edo-liberty-to-spearhead-pinecones-growing-ai-ambitions-appoints-ash-ashutosh-as-ceo-to-expand-vector-database-market-leadership-302549334.html"
    },
    {
     "stat": "CEO transition to Ash Ashutosh, Sep 2025; acquisition 'definitely not on the table right now'",
     "src": "https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatamanagement/news/366631366/Vector-database-vendor-Pinecone-eyes-future-under-new-CEO"
    },
    {
     "stat": "New Builder tier $20/mo flat; Standard $50/mo min (pricing page, Aug 2026)",
     "src": "https://www.pinecone.io/pricing/"
    }
   ],
   "tile_note": "managed classic"
  },
  {
   "rank": 4,
   "name": "Qdrant",
   "maker": "Qdrant (Berlin)",
   "url": "https://qdrant.tech",
   "docs": "https://qdrant.tech/documentation/",
   "pricing": "OSS free (Apache-2.0, Rust) \u00b7 Cloud free 1GB cluster \u00b7 Standard usage-based \u00b7 Premium/Private Cloud custom",
   "best_for": "Self-hosters and regulated teams who need heavy metadata filtering, hybrid search, and full control from laptop to 1B+ vectors.",
   "why": "The strongest open-source pure-play in 2026: Rust core, best-in-class filtered search, quantization that cuts memory 4\u201332x, and hybrid/multi-vector support. A $50M Series B (Mar 12, 2026, Advance Venture Partners; $87.8M total) explicitly aimed at 'agentic retrieval' keeps it independently funded while rivals consolidate. TripAdvisor runs 1B+ vectors on it.",
   "watch": "Cloud pricing beyond the free tier is quote-driven \u2014 less transparent than Turbopuffer or Chroma. Feature surface (embeddings, rerankers, agents) is expanding fast; watch for focus dilution.",
   "evidence": [
    {
     "stat": "$50M Series B, Mar 12, 2026; $87.8M total raised",
     "src": "https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatamanagement/news/366640132/Qdrant-raises-50M-in-funding-to-fuel-vector-database-growth"
    },
    {
     "stat": "TripAdvisor: 1B+ vectors, query latency cut from 40s to 6.5s (production case, 2025)",
     "src": "https://medium.com/data-science-collective/vector-databases-are-dying-heres-the-production-evidence-8c17b54687e2"
    },
    {
     "stat": "Free forever 1GB cloud cluster; hybrid/private cloud for regulated deployments (Aug 2026)",
     "src": "https://qdrant.tech/pricing/"
    }
   ],
   "tile_note": "open-source, filter-heavy"
  },
  {
   "rank": 5,
   "name": "Chroma",
   "maker": "Chroma (San Francisco)",
   "url": "https://www.trychroma.com",
   "docs": "https://docs.trychroma.com",
   "pricing": "OSS free (Apache-2.0) \u00b7 Cloud usage-based: $0.33/GiB-mo storage, $2.50/GiB writes \u00b7 Starter $0 + $5 credit \u00b7 Team $250/mo",
   "best_for": "AI engineers who want retrieval running in five minutes \u2014 local in a notebook today, serverless Chroma Cloud with the same API tomorrow.",
   "why": "The developer-experience pick and the default vector store scaffolded by AI coding agents: 28k GitHub stars, single-node simplicity, vector + full-text + hybrid in one API. Chroma Cloud (2025, Rust-rewritten, object-storage-backed) added a genuinely cheap transparent usage model, and the team's retrieval research (context-rot, generative benchmarking) earns real credibility.",
   "watch": "Thinnest capitalization of the five ($18M seed, Apr 2023 \u2014 no announced round since) and the least enterprise track record at billion scale. Single-node OSS deployments hit walls that force the Cloud migration decision.",
   "evidence": [
    {
     "stat": "28k GitHub stars, Apache-2.0 (Aug 2026)",
     "src": "https://github.com/chroma-core/chroma"
    },
    {
     "stat": "$18M seed (Apr 2023) \u2014 still its only announced round as of Aug 2026",
     "src": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chroma_(vector_database)"
    },
    {
     "stat": "Cloud pricing: $0.33/GiB-mo storage, $2.50/GiB writes, Team $250/mo (Aug 2026)",
     "src": "https://www.trychroma.com/pricing"
    }
   ],
   "tile_note": "agent-native developer favorite"
  }
 ],
 "matrix": {
  "cols": [
   "Entry price",
   "Open source",
   "Deploy",
   "Hybrid (BM25+vector)",
   "Sweet-spot scale",
   "Architecture",
   "Enterprise"
  ],
  "rows": [
   [
    "pgvector",
    "Free",
    "Yes (PostgreSQL lic.)",
    "In your Postgres, anywhere",
    "Via Postgres FTS",
    "<10\u201350M vectors",
    "HNSW/IVFFlat in-database",
    "Inherits your Postgres stack"
   ],
   [
    "Turbopuffer",
    "$16/mo min",
    "No",
    "Managed \u00b7 BYOC at Enterprise",
    "Yes (native BM25)",
    "10M\u2013100B+, many namespaces",
    "Object storage + NVMe cache",
    "SOC 2 \u00b7 HIPAA \u00b7 CMEK \u00b7 99.95% SLA"
   ],
   [
    "Pinecone",
    "Free \u00b7 $20/mo Builder",
    "No",
    "Managed \u00b7 BYOC at Enterprise",
    "Yes (sparse+dense)",
    "1M\u20131B+",
    "Serverless, separated storage/compute",
    "SOC 2 \u00b7 HIPAA \u00b7 RBAC \u00b7 audit logs"
   ],
   [
    "Qdrant",
    "Free OSS \u00b7 free 1GB cloud",
    "Yes (Apache-2.0)",
    "Self-host \u00b7 cloud \u00b7 hybrid \u00b7 private",
    "Yes",
    "10M\u20131B+",
    "Rust, HNSW + quantization",
    "SSO \u00b7 VPC \u00b7 custom SLAs"
   ],
   [
    "Chroma",
    "Free OSS \u00b7 $0 + usage cloud",
    "Yes (Apache-2.0)",
    "Local \u00b7 self-host \u00b7 serverless cloud",
    "Yes",
    "<100M",
    "Rust core on object storage",
    "SOC 2 \u00b7 single-tenant on Team+"
   ],
   [
    "Weaviate",
    "Free sandbox \u00b7 Flex $45/mo",
    "Yes (BSD-3)",
    "Self-host \u00b7 serverless \u00b7 dedicated",
    "Yes",
    "1M\u20131B",
    "Go, HNSW, modules ecosystem",
    "HIPAA (AWS) \u00b7 PrivateLink \u00b7 CMEK"
   ],
   [
    "Milvus / Zilliz",
    "Free OSS \u00b7 serverless $0 \u00b7 dedicated ~$126/GB-mo",
    "Yes (Apache-2.0)",
    "Self-host \u00b7 cloud \u00b7 BYOC",
    "Yes (v2.5+)",
    "100M\u201310B+",
    "Distributed, tiered storage, GPU option",
    "99.95% SLA \u00b7 HIPAA-eligible \u00b7 BC tier"
   ],
   [
    "S3 Vectors",
    "Pure usage, no minimum",
    "No",
    "AWS only",
    "No (ANN only)",
    "Cold/batch, up to 2B per index",
    "Native S3 vector buckets",
    "Standard AWS compliance stack"
   ]
  ]
 },
 "rules": [
  {
   "if": "You already run Postgres and hold under ~10M vectors (you almost certainly do)",
   "then": "pgvector. One extension, zero new vendors, joins against your real data. Revisit only when p95 latency or index-build pain says so."
  },
  {
   "if": "You're building a multi-tenant AI product \u2014 per-user memory, per-customer document search \u2014 or your dedicated-DB bill crossed four figures",
   "then": "Turbopuffer. Namespaces-on-object-storage is purpose-built for that shape, and it's the migration Notion and Cursor already validated."
  },
  {
   "if": "Procurement wants a managed pure-play with every compliance box ticked, and nobody wants to run infrastructure",
   "then": "Pinecone Standard ($50/mo min) \u2014 accepting that you're paying the convenience premium the rest of this page is about avoiding."
  },
  {
   "if": "You need self-hosting, data residency, or heavy metadata-filtered hybrid search at 100M+ vectors",
   "then": "Qdrant OSS, with their cloud or hybrid cloud when ops outgrows you. Milvus/Zilliz if you're genuinely at billions."
  },
  {
   "if": "Your vectors are cold, batch-queried, and already in AWS \u2014 archives, logs, agent episodic memory",
   "then": "S3 Vectors: no minimums, up to ~90% cheaper, sub-second cold queries. Pair it with a hot tier; it is not a low-latency serving store."
  }
 ],
 "field": [
  {
   "name": "Weaviate",
   "maker": "Weaviate B.V.",
   "note": "The near-miss for the top 5 \u2014 mature OSS with module ecosystem and Query Agent; $68M raised, Ricoh strategic investment Mar 13, 2026; momentum flatter than Qdrant's",
   "url": "https://weaviate.io",
   "oss": true,
   "entry": "free sandbox \u00b7 Flex $45/mo",
   "status": "active"
  },
  {
   "name": "Milvus / Zilliz Cloud",
   "maker": "Zilliz",
   "note": "The billion-scale OSS heavyweight: 40k GitHub stars (Dec 2025), 10k+ enterprise deployments (NVIDIA, Salesforce, eBay); tiered storage cut costs 50% in v2.6; Milvus Lake lakehouse coming",
   "url": "https://milvus.io",
   "oss": true,
   "entry": "free \u00b7 dedicated from ~$16/M vectors/mo",
   "status": "active"
  },
  {
   "name": "LanceDB",
   "maker": "LanceDB (Lance format)",
   "note": "$30M Series A (Jun 2025) to build the 'multimodal lakehouse' \u2014 embedded OSS + columnar Lance format; Netflix, ByteDance Volcano Engine, CrewAI (2B+ agent executions)",
   "url": "https://www.lancedb.com",
   "oss": true,
   "entry": "free OSS \u00b7 cloud usage-based",
   "status": "active"
  },
  {
   "name": "pgvectorscale",
   "maker": "Tiger Data (ex-Timescale)",
   "note": "DiskANN + statistical binary quantization on top of pgvector \u2014 the extension that stretches Postgres past 50M vectors; 0.9.0 added Postgres 18 support",
   "url": "https://github.com/timescale/pgvectorscale",
   "oss": true,
   "entry": "free (PostgreSQL lic.)",
   "status": "active"
  },
  {
   "name": "Amazon S3 Vectors",
   "maker": "AWS",
   "note": "GA Dec 2, 2025 \u2014 vector buckets native to S3, 2B vectors/index, ~100ms warm queries, 'up to 90% cost reduction'; the price floor under the whole category",
   "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/s3/features/vectors/",
   "oss": false,
   "entry": "pure usage, no minimum",
   "status": "active"
  },
  {
   "name": "MongoDB Atlas Vector Search",
   "maker": "MongoDB",
   "note": "Vector search absorbed into the document DB \u2014 plus the Voyage AI embedding/reranker acquisition (Feb 2025) for an integrated retrieval stack",
   "url": "https://www.mongodb.com/products/platform/atlas-vector-search",
   "oss": false,
   "entry": "free tier \u00b7 Atlas usage",
   "status": "active"
  },
  {
   "name": "Elasticsearch / OpenSearch",
   "maker": "Elastic / OpenSearch Software Foundation",
   "note": "Incumbent search engines with dense-vector + BM25 hybrid; the default when you already run ELK \u2014 and Elastic leadership has been openly dismissive of standalone vector DBs as a business",
   "url": "https://www.elastic.co/elasticsearch/vector-database",
   "oss": true,
   "entry": "free self-host \u00b7 cloud from ~$95/mo",
   "status": "active"
  },
  {
   "name": "Redis (Vector Sets / Query Engine)",
   "maker": "Redis Ltd.",
   "note": "In-memory vector search inside Redis 8 \u2014 lowest latency for small hot sets and semantic caching; RAM economics cap the scale",
   "url": "https://redis.io/docs/latest/develop/ai/",
   "oss": true,
   "entry": "free \u00b7 Redis Cloud from $5/mo",
   "status": "active"
  },
  {
   "name": "Vespa",
   "maker": "Vespa.ai (Yahoo spin-out)",
   "note": "Big-league serving engine (search + recsys + vectors) used by Spotify and Yahoo properties; overkill below hundreds of millions of documents",
   "url": "https://vespa.ai",
   "oss": true,
   "entry": "free OSS \u00b7 cloud usage",
   "status": "active"
  },
  {
   "name": "Supabase (pgvector hosting)",
   "maker": "Supabase",
   "note": "The biggest on-ramp to pgvector \u2014 free tier includes it; the reason 'just use Postgres' is a two-minute decision for new projects (platform itself \u2192 element Ba)",
   "url": "https://supabase.com/docs/guides/ai",
   "oss": true,
   "entry": "free tier \u00b7 Pro $25/mo",
   "status": "active"
  },
  {
   "name": "Neon (pgvector serverless)",
   "maker": "Neon \u2192 Databricks",
   "note": "Serverless Postgres with pgvector; acquired by Databricks May 2025 (~$1B reported) \u2014 vectors ride into the lakehouse ecosystem",
   "url": "https://neon.com",
   "oss": true,
   "entry": "free tier",
   "status": "acquired"
  },
  {
   "name": "Astra DB / DataStax",
   "maker": "DataStax \u2192 IBM",
   "note": "Cassandra-based vector DB; DataStax acquisition by IBM closed 2025 \u2014 vector search folded into watsonx orbit",
   "url": "https://www.datastax.com/products/datastax-astra",
   "oss": false,
   "entry": "free tier \u00b7 usage",
   "status": "acquired"
  },
  {
   "name": "Vectara",
   "maker": "Vectara",
   "note": "RAG-as-a-service platform rather than a raw vector store \u2014 retrieval, reranking, and grounded generation in one API; adjacent but often cross-shopped",
   "url": "https://www.vectara.com",
   "oss": false,
   "entry": "free tier \u00b7 usage",
   "status": "active"
  },
  {
   "name": "Marqo",
   "maker": "Marqo",
   "note": "End-to-end embedding search (brings its own inference); niche but differentiated in e-commerce search",
   "url": "https://www.marqo.ai",
   "oss": true,
   "entry": "free OSS \u00b7 cloud usage",
   "status": "active"
  },
  {
   "name": "Faiss",
   "maker": "Meta",
   "note": "The foundational ANN library \u2014 not a database; still what many in-house vector systems are built on",
   "url": "https://github.com/facebookresearch/faiss",
   "oss": true,
   "entry": "free (MIT)",
   "status": "active"
  },
  {
   "name": "Deep Lake",
   "maker": "Activeloop",
   "note": "Tensor/vector data lake for multimodal ML; mindshare faded as LanceDB took the format-centric lane",
   "url": "https://www.activeloop.ai",
   "oss": true,
   "entry": "free OSS \u00b7 cloud tiers",
   "status": "fading"
  },
  {
   "name": "MyScale",
   "maker": "MyScale (ClickHouse-based)",
   "note": "SQL vector DB on ClickHouse; quiet through 2025\u201326, community momentum stalled",
   "url": "https://myscale.com",
   "oss": true,
   "entry": "free tier",
   "status": "fading"
  },
  {
   "name": "Annoy",
   "maker": "Spotify",
   "note": "The 2015-era ANN library; superseded by Spotify's own Voyager and modern HNSW implementations \u2014 historical interest only",
   "url": "https://github.com/spotify/annoy",
   "oss": true,
   "entry": "free",
   "status": "dead"
  },
  {
   "name": "pg_embedding",
   "maker": "Neon",
   "note": "Neon's rival Postgres extension, deprecated in 2023 in favor of pgvector \u2014 early evidence the ecosystem consolidates on one Postgres answer",
   "url": "https://github.com/neondatabase/pg_embedding",
   "oss": true,
   "entry": "\u2014",
   "status": "dead"
  }
 ],
 "signals": [
  {
   "fact": "Vector DB market ~$2.55B (2025) \u2192 $15.1B by 2034, 22.3% CAGR; NLP workloads the largest segment",
   "src": "https://www.gminsights.com/industry-analysis/vector-database-market"
  },
  {
   "fact": "Turbopuffer: $100M annualized revenue (Mar 2026) on <$1M primary capital \u2014 Cursor its largest customer at 1T+ indexed code chunks",
   "src": "https://sacra.com/c/turbopuffer/"
  },
  {
   "fact": "Qdrant $50M Series B (Mar 12, 2026, AVP; $87.8M total) \u2014 the only large pure-play round of 2026, aimed at agentic retrieval",
   "src": "https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatamanagement/news/366640132/Qdrant-raises-50M-in-funding-to-fuel-vector-database-growth"
  },
  {
   "fact": "AWS S3 Vectors GA Dec 2, 2025: 2B vectors/index (40x preview), ~100ms warm queries, 'up to 90%' cost reduction \u2014 commoditizing cold vector storage",
   "src": "https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2025/12/amazon-s3-vectors-generally-available/"
  },
  {
   "fact": "Consolidation into incumbents: SQL Server 2025, MongoDB Atlas, Redis 8, Cassandra, Oracle all ship vector search; Pinecone swapped CEOs (Sep 2025) after sale-exploration press; Neon and DataStax absorbed by Databricks and IBM (2025)",
   "src": "https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatamanagement/news/366631366/Vector-database-vendor-Pinecone-eyes-future-under-new-CEO"
  },
  {
   "fact": "Milvus passed 40k GitHub stars with 10k+ enterprise deployments (Dec 18, 2025); Gartner projects vector capabilities in 30% of enterprise apps by 2026",
   "src": "https://finance.yahoo.com/news/milvus-surpasses-40-000-github-010000562.html"
  }
 ],
 "notes": "Ranking criteria: total cost of ownership at startup scale (<50M vectors), production adoption by AI-native companies as of Aug 2026, operational simplicity, and survivability of the vendor. Conflicts resolved: pgvector's GitHub README rendered a '0.8.5' string but the canonical CHANGELOG's latest entry is 0.8.2 (Feb 25, 2026) \u2014 we use the changelog. pgvectorscale 0.9.0's GitHub tag renders an ambiguous date (page said Nov 4, 2024, impossible for a Postgres 18 feature; actual is almost certainly Nov 2025) \u2014 we avoid asserting the date. Turbopuffer's $100M revenue is Sacra-only (no company confirmation): kept, flagged. The 'Pinecone exploring sale' claim traces to mid-2025 press chatter and aggregator retellings; the on-record fact is the new CEO's denial (TechTarget, Sep 2025). Elastic-CEO 'vector DBs were never a business' quote circulates via aggregators without a clean primary link \u2014 treated as sentiment, not sourced fact. Market-size figures vary by firm ($2.5\u20133B for 2025/26); we cite GM Insights as a representative mid-range. Adjacent elements: agent memory APIs (Mem0, Zep, Letta) \u2192 Mm \u00b7 Memory Layer; RAG-as-a-service and research tools \u2192 Re; wikis your agents read \u2192 Kw. Embedding models (OpenAI, Voyage, Cohere) are a model-layer choice, not a store, and are deliberately excluded.",
 "sources": [
  "https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md",
  "https://www.postgresql.org/about/news/pgvector-082-released-3245",
  "https://turbopuffer.com/",
  "https://turbopuffer.com/pricing",
  "https://sacra.com/c/turbopuffer/",
  "https://www.pinecone.io/pricing/",
  "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/pinecone-founder-edo-liberty-to-spearhead-pinecones-growing-ai-ambitions-appoints-ash-ashutosh-as-ceo-to-expand-vector-database-market-leadership-302549334.html",
  "https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatamanagement/news/366631366/Vector-database-vendor-Pinecone-eyes-future-under-new-CEO",
  "https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatamanagement/news/366640132/Qdrant-raises-50M-in-funding-to-fuel-vector-database-growth",
  "https://qdrant.tech/pricing/",
  "https://www.trychroma.com/pricing",
  "https://github.com/chroma-core/chroma",
  "https://weaviate.io/pricing",
  "https://zilliz.com/pricing",
  "https://finance.yahoo.com/news/milvus-surpasses-40-000-github-010000562.html",
  "https://www.lancedb.com/blog/series-a-funding",
  "https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2025/12/amazon-s3-vectors-generally-available/",
  "https://github.com/timescale/pgvectorscale/releases",
  "https://www.gminsights.com/industry-analysis/vector-database-market",
  "https://medium.com/data-science-collective/vector-databases-are-dying-heres-the-production-evidence-8c17b54687e2",
  "https://www.ricoh.com/release/2026/0616_1"
 ],
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  "number": 14,
  "name": "Vector Store",
  "group": "Knowledge & Memory",
  "essential": false,
  "edition": "v2026.Q3",
  "revision": "r7",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0 \u2014 cite elems.ai",
  "url": "https://elems.ai/e/vd.html"
 }
}